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- From: hagerp@iuvax.cs.indiana.edu (Paul Hager)
- Newsgroups: alt.drugs,talk.politics.drugs
- Subject: Drug Testing Talk: promo & outline
- Date: 29 Mar 91 15:46:37 GMT
-
- I have appended two text files to this post that provide netters with
- information about the drug testing talk I have put together. I'm
- planning on taking this talk "on the road" around Indiana under the
- aegis of the Indiana Civil Liberties Union (ICLU). Regular readers
- of t.p.d and a.d will find much in the outline that is familiar --
- however, I thought it would be useful to let folks know what we're
- up to in Hoosierland.
-
- The talk is an expanded version of the presentation I give as part
- of the cannabis re-legalization "Truth Squad".
-
- I will be delivering the new, expanded version for the first time
- this coming Wednesday, 3 April, in the SPEA building on the IU
- campus at 8:15. It will be the second of two presentations that
- are to be given as part of a class (what class it is, I don't know).
-
- Also, I should mention that I will be a participant in the
- forthcoming "Hash Wednesday" activities at the University of
- Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (or is it Champaign-Urbana?) on
- Wednesday, 17 April. There is a scheduled debate on drug testing
- that will pit the Illini Forensic Debate team against myself and
- some other folks.
-
- On to the info ...
-
- ----------------------------cut here------------------------------
-
- Drug Testing -- What is it and do we need it?
- by Paul Hager,
- Vice-president for Drug Policy Issues, BCLU
-
- Who wants to travel on a plane being flown by a pilot who is
- drunk or stoned? No one, right? This is the justification most
- often given in favor of drug testing. But is this justification
- valid? What is drug testing and does it really make our skies,
- our roads, and our workplaces safer?
-
- Paul Hager explores these and other questions about drug
- testing in a half-hour talk that focuses on the economic and
- scientific underpinnings of current drug testing technology. He
- concludes by answering the ultimate question about drug testing:
- do we need it? Following the talk, Mr. Hager will take questions
- >from the audience.
-
- Paul Hager is an independent software consultant and former
- civilian contractor for the U.S. Navy. He is also the Vice-
- president for Drug Policy Issues of the Bloomington Civil
- Liberties Union, an affiliate of the Indiana Civil Liberties
- Union. Mr. Hager's involvement in the issue of drug testing
- began when the application of the Drug Free Workplace Act to his
- job required that he submit to random drug tests.
-
- If you are interested in hearing Mr. Hager's presentation on
- drug testing, contact him at the following address:
-
- Paul Hager
- 4475 N. Benton Ct.
- Bloomington, IN 47408
- (812) 333-1384
-
-
- Drug Testing -- What is it and do we need it?
- Outline of Talk by Paul Hager,
- Vice-president for Drug Policy Issues, BCLU
-
- Following is a short outline of a talk I give on drug
- testing and its alternatives. As a civil libertarian, I object
- to drug testing as it is currently practiced on philosophical
- grounds but in my talk the focus is on pragmatic economic and
- scientific arguments. This is a timely topic given that an
- increasing number of companies drug test and drug testing
- legislation has been introduced in the Indiana General Assembly
- during the current session.
-
- I. Introduction
- I get the audience involved by asking for a show of hands on
- four questions: 1) who supports allowing the company that
- employs them the right to drug test any employee for any
- reason (i.e., random); 2) who supports allowing a company to
- randomly test only people in safety critical jobs (e.g.
- pilots); 3) who supports allowing the company that employs
- them to drug test employees upon probable cause; and,
- finally, 4) who supports allowing a company to test people
- in safety critical jobs upon probable cause.
-
- II. Drug Testing Defined
- a. I define the "metabolite" or urinalysis test. Using
- the example of cannabis/marijuana, I explain how the
- test screens for the presence of inactive byproducts of
- the "intoxicant", not the intoxicant itself. I provide
- a graph that shows the level of the intoxicant in the
- blood versus time and the level of the metabolite in
- the urine over time.
- b. I indicate that upwards of 80% to 90% of positives are
- for cannabis.
-
- III Information about impairment
- a. I present a study that demonstrates that pilots tested
- on aircraft simulators exhibit degraded performance
- (i.e., impairment) only for 4 hours after marijuana
- use.
- b. I present information from a study using the same
- methodology as that in the marijuana test, that shows
- alcohol users are impaired more than a day after use.
- c. I present information that lack of sleep has been
- identified as an impairment hazard that is as great as
- alcohol.
- d. I reveal that one of the ways that scientists calculate
- the "intoxicating" dose of various drugs is by using
- instruments like the aircraft simulators I mentioned
- earlier.
-
- IV. The failure of metabolite testing
- a. While the metabolite test is fairly useful in detecting
- PAST USE of cannabis, it is USELESS in detecting
- impairment, not only from cannabis use but also from a
- multitude of other sources including alcohol, lack of
- sleep and illness.
- b. Metabolite testing is relatively expensive, with the
- accuracy of the screen correlating directly with the
- cost. Also, techniques exist for beating the test,
- which mean that false negatives occur frequently.
- c. I mention that a recent study of Federal workers shows
- that in order to obtain a 0.5% positive rate, the cost
- to the Government averages $385 per worker or $77,000
- per positive.
-
- V. Impairment testing
- a. If functional, on-the-job impairment is the concern,
- then why not test for it? I indicate that the devices
- that have been used for years to measure impairment in
- the laboratory are now available for public use.
- b. I provide information about the 30+ year experience
- with one kind of tester -- the one use to measure
- impairment by testing tracking of a moving stimulus. I
- give information about its use to test Air Force pilots
- and NASA astronauts.
- c. I describe the more recent use of the tracking test as
- an alternative sentencing tool for people convicted of
- DUI -- their option is to lose their license or have
- the device hooked up to their car's ignition. I also
- note that the device is now used by municipal bus
- companies in California to test whether or not drivers
- are fit for work.
- d. I note that the cost one company charges for the
- impairment testing device and ancillary services is
- $300 per employee -- $85 less than the Federal
- government's costs -- and that the impairment tester
- tests for ACTUAL degradation of performance with a high
- degree of accuracy. An impairment tester can be used
- every day, twice a day and that doesn't add to the
- cost, whereas, each metabolite test administered
- further adds to the overall cost.
-
- VI. Conclusion
- I indicate that metabolite drug testing, because it doesn't
- come anywhere close to living up to its billing as a way to
- make the workplace safer, is really an attempt to make
- private companies an auxiliary enforcement arm of the DEA.
- The metabolite test is also an indirect tax on all of us in
- that companies that test must pass the costs onto the
- consumer. Although impairment testing is ALMOST as
- expensive, it actually delivers on the promise to make the
- workplace safer. I then conclude by asking the audience one
- question: a company has a choice between giving a metabolite
- test or an impairment test to its pilots to check their
- performance -- which do they prefer?
- --
- paul hager hagerp@iuvax.cs.indiana.edu
-
- "The most formidable weapon against errors of every kind is reason."
- -- Thomas Paine, _The Age of Reason_
-
-